作者:
夜猫子(楚.园.黑.楼) [760:2433], 00:25:24 05/19/2005:
- 论剑谈棋 豪杰尽聚 - 华岳论坛 - http://washeng.net/
焦景文是朝鲜战争中著名的王海大队的一员，王海的僚机，有击落敌机
三架的记录，在中国空军的英雄榜上并不是最突出的一位。但在美国的
空军圈子里，他的大名却比任何其他一名中国飞行员都响亮。因为他和
美军王牌飞行员罗比-雷斯那(ROBBIE RISNER)之间的一场经典空战。
雷思那可不是简单的人物。他是美国空军最著名的王牌飞行员之一，国
会荣誉勋章的获得者。和德国、日本、苏联的顶级飞行员都交过手。可
他认为自己一辈子遇到的最强大的对手却是一位被他击落的中国飞行员
---焦景文。美国空军界也把这次空战视为空战史上经典中的经典。
阅读雷思那的战斗报告，虽是从敌人的角度，虽是一次我军失利的空战，
其精彩与惊险却仍然历历在目，叹为观止。双方斗智斗勇的过程，也让人
热血沸腾。读罢由衷叹一句，焦景文，真英雄也！
空战爆发于1952年10月10日。战斗一开始，经验老道的雷思那就先发现
我机，突施偷袭。第一炮就打掉了焦景文座机的座舱盖，使焦一开始就陷
入绝境。正当雷思那以为这将是一次轻松的猎杀时，焦景文却突然驾机直
扑地面。在目瞪口呆的雷斯那认为已不可能的情况下，在离地面不到5英
尺(不足两米)的高度拉起改平，擦地飞行。雷斯那虽然也直追下来，但已
无法攻击。因为战斗机的机枪有个微微向上的角度，怎么也不可能对离地
两米的目标开火的。两架飞机就在树梢的高度你追我赶，翻滚，盘旋，蛇
形机动，互相企图寻找射击角度。按雷思那自己的话，他把“最后一点点
的本事都使出来了”，“完全是凭着直觉”，才勉强咬住焦景文。为了争
取一点点速度上的优势，焦景文曾飞出了一个让雷思那惊呼“平生所见最
疯狂的动作之一”，横滚后倒着擦山顶飞过(焦景文可是没有座舱盖的)，
焦的脑袋离山顶的树梢也只有几英尺。另一刻两机曾机翼挨着机翼贴地飞
行，雷思那有机会清楚的看到对手的面孔(焦的氧气罩也被吸走了)，吃惊
的发现是个年轻的东方人。他原以为这么高超的飞行员一定是个苏军飞行
员。焦景文则向他示威的挥了挥拳头。
两人缠斗一阵后飞抵中方机场上空。地面防空炮火猛烈开火向美机射击。
这时焦景文误以为在防空火力的掩护下已经安全了而放松了警惕，准备着
陆。没想到狡猾的雷思那竟然穿透防空火网，直扑下来，在焦着陆的一刻
打飞了他的半个机翼。但焦临危不乱，成功的将飞机迫降在跑道旁的草地
上，安然无恙。但迫降激起的巨大尘土让雷斯那误以为战机已解体爆炸。
他的僚机也兴奋的狂叫，“你刚刚干掉了整个共产空军！”(呵呵，对焦的
评价够高的。)不过雷思那也为他的冲动付出了代价。他的僚机在返航途中
被地面炮火击落，跳伞身亡。
雷斯那战后对此精彩空战的描述轰动美国空军，但一直不知道对手是谁。
几十年后与中国空军开始接触后才知道是焦景文，於是他名扬海外。但中
国空军很少有人知道这次空战，毕竟这是一次败仗。但我认为，重要的不
是以成败论英雄，而是为焦景文在空战中表现的大无畏精神和无比高超的
飞行技术而由衷自豪。
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跟帖目录:
- 雷思那对空战描述的英文原文 - 夜猫子 00:27:19 05/19/2005
- 这里似乎有误： - spk 02:32:40 05/19/2005
- 同志们啦，同志们！能否将这篇文章定型了？ - 老参谋 13:11:13 05/22/2005
原 帖 [ 0 ]
雷思那对空战描述的英文原文
Major Robinson "Robbie" Risner's sixth kill.
10 October 1952.
At 0900 Risner and his wingman, Joe Logan, taxied [their F-86s] down the Kimpo runway. The other two pilots followed in quick succeession. This flight, code-named "John Red," made its way to the Yalu, some thirty minutes from Kimpo. The flight's mission was to protect a squadron of USAF fighter-bombers that was scheduled to attack a chemical plant at the mouth of the river. When the flight arrived at "MiG Alley," Risner immediately gave the "pus*y willow" command [turn off IFF] and took the flight on a sweep along the Chinese side of the Yalu. This preemptive maneuver would give the fighter-bombers maximum protection against any potential MiG attacks.
The initial sweep yielded no MiG sightings. On the second sweep, however, Risner saw a glint of sunlight at his twelve o'clock low. As if by instinct, he knew that this sparkle meant MiGs. He ordered his flight to drop their wing fuel tanks. The four MiGs did the same as they made a 180-degree turn and retreated back toward their base at Antung. These MiGs were hungry for the lower performance F-84 fighter-bombers, and had no intention of tangling with the top-of-the-line F-86s. But Risner had other plans. He aligned his pipper on the tail-end Charlie and gave his six M-3 .50 caliber guns a squeeze. The incendiaries shattered the MiG's canopy.
In an effort to escape, the MiG pilot descended at maximum speed. At one point the MiG did a half-roll and flew upside down for fifty seconds as Risner pounded him with short bursts from his machine guns. The MiG then entered into a split-S, and Risner thought to himself, "This is going to be the easiest kill of my career." Risner, convinced that the MiG would not be able to pull out of the S in time to avoid hitting the ground, made an angling split-S and braced himself for the impending explosion. Nothing happened.
The MiG did not crash as Risner had so smugly predicted. Instead, it pulled out of the dive just in time, created a billowing cloud of dust and pebbles over a dry riverbed. The MiG, now flying five feet over the deck, was too low to hit with the F-86's guns, which fired slightly upward. But Risner had too much drive to cut off the chase. He was not about to let all those practice dogfights flown in the F-51 over the Oklahoma skies go to waste. FInally, he had met his match -- a pilot who would force him to draw on every skill he had ever learned. Risner was about to embark on the ultimate dogfight. At this point, Risner could not kill the MiG but at least he could take a good look at his foe. He maneuvered his F-86 alongside the MiG-15. As they coasted wingtip to wingtip, Risner peered into the no**** cockpit. He could see the eyes of the pilot and the stitching of his leather helmet. Risner noticed that the pilot's oxygen mask was gone: it had been sucked off when he shot away the canopy. The MiG pilot returned Risner's gaze and raised his fist in defiance.
The MiG then throttled back in an attempt to catch Risner off guard. He hoped to slip behind Risner and pound him with his 23- and 37- mm cannons. But Risner had too much situational awareness to fall for such a trap; he did a high G-force roll over the top of the MiG and came down behind it. SImultaneously, the MiG broke right, pulling all the G's it could. But Risner stayed behind the MiG. HE later commented, "I never thought about what I was doing, it was all reflex."
After several minutes of hard maneuvers, both planes exited the dry riverbed and began to climb a heavily wooded hill. To Risner's surprise, the MiG executed one of the craziest maneuvers he had ever seen. In an effort to gain a small speed advantage, the MiG did an inverted roll and flew upside down over the hill. His open cockpit was just a few feet from the treetops. Risner's wingman, Joe Logan, who had been flying high and to the right the entire time, screamed in the headset: "Hit him lead. Pound him!" But Risner could not. He was doing all he could just to stay behind him.
The planes rounded a hill at .8 Mach, then all of a sudden the MiG cut his throttle and Risner rolled over the top of him. Wingtip to wingtip now, the MiG pilot again raised his fist at Risner. Next the MiG made an abrupt, full-throttle, 90-degree turn to the left. Risner new that this was his last chance to blow this guy out of the sky. He let his pipper creep toward the MiG's tailpipe, and just as he was about to fire, Risner heard Logan's voice: "Lead, they're shooting at us." The two planes were now directly over the Chinese air base at Tak Tung Kau.
Despite this warning, Risner continued the chase: he was too close to let the MiG slip away. The MiG pilot erroneously assumed that the flak from the airfield would scare him off. It did not. Risner chased the MiG in between two hangars. When the MiG attempted to land on the dusty runway, Risner hammered him hard. He blew four feet off the left wing.
As the wing burned, the MiG pilot desperately sought out the grassy side of the runway for an emergency landing. Risner still had no intention of letting the plane land; he fired all of his remaining ammunition into its tailpipe. The MiG would not give up: it leveled off and attempted a "belly landing." At this point, his luck ran out. The MiG burst apart in a tremendous explosion, and pieces of flaming aircraft flew all over the airfield, igniting the parked aircraft nearby. "Red lead," Logan yelled ecstatically, "you just destroyed the whole Communist air force." Risner chuckled but was more intent on getting his wingman and himself safely back to base than reveling in his victory. Risner and Logan threw the coal to their engines and made a steep climb away from the base.
As the F-86s climbed out, they passed over some 250 anti-aircraft guns which lined the perimeters of both Tak Tung Kau and Antung air bases. Flak exploded all around them as the pilots jinked to avoid it. Just before Risner and Logan crossed the Yalu back into North Korea, Logan radioed Risner, "Lead, my fuel gauge is down." Risner flew around Logan's F-86 to make sure that the fuel tank had not been hit. It had. Fuel and hydraulic fluid were streaming out of Logan's belly. Risner radioed Logan, "It looks like you've been hit."
Fearing that his wingman would not have enough fuel and fluid to make it back to Kimpo, Risner decided on a bold course of action. He ordered Logan to open the throttle up: "Might as well use it before you lose it, Red 2." As soon as Logan ran out fo fuel, Risner would position his nose behind Logan's stricken aircraft and gently push it periodically until they reached the friendly island of Chodo [Cheju-do?], where Logan could safely bail out. Risner figured that enough air would be flowing through Logan's tailpipe and the gap below Risner's tailpipe to prevent Risner's F-86 from stalling, but the move was still risky. While executing this maneuver, Risner realized that he placed his own aircraft in danger. If he sucked in any damaged engine parts from Logan's plane, his own engine might quit, or worse yet, explode. To the pilots' utter amazement, the emergency maneuver worked.
Risner successfully pushed Logan's plane to a point tenes off the coast of Chodo. At this point, Logan radioed Risner, "OK, I am going to bail out. I'll see you in a little while as soon as they pick me up."...
(Risner lands, waits two hours, meets the seaplane, Logan drowned when the chute cord tangled around his neck)
From: Officers in Flight Suits. Sherwood.
[ 1:7569 ] 夜猫子(楚.园.黑.楼) - 00:27:19 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 0 ]
这里似乎有误：
1952年10月10日，志愿军空军没有与敌机空战的记录。空3师7团和空12师34团1952年10
月8日完成米格-15比斯飞机的改装训练返回一线。9日和11日有战斗出动，18日、23日、
25日与F-86有空战，但10日似乎没有发生过空战。另据王海的回忆录《我的战斗生涯》
，这段时间7、9两团是轮流改装的。当时，空9团应该不在一线。
焦景文被打坏座舱盖的那次战斗发生的时间是1952年12月3日。当天空3师9团起飞12架米
格-15比斯，深入清川江以南永柔、平壤地区，击落、击伤F-86六架。战斗中，焦景文掩
护王海五次攻击。最后一次，王海在800米距离上，投影比四分之二至四分之三，向敌射
击，将敌一架长机击伤后，左转脱离。此时，焦景文发现后方有四架敌机飞来，遂一面
报告长机，一面向右扩大间隔，以便反击。但敌机迅速接近并射击，焦景文的飞机被击
伤，座舱盖被打坏。因敌机射击后，两架冲前，对长机形成威胁，焦景文一面呼叫长机
脱离，一面不顾一切射击驱逐。此时，长僚机分离，王单机返航，焦则退出攻击后，遭
另两架敌机跟踪射击。焦急转弯迎向敌机，对头通过后安全返航。
这次战斗中，志愿军空军击落、击伤F-86六架，己方被击落一架、被击伤两架，著名的
一级战斗英雄、特等功臣孙生禄此战中牺牲。
由上述情况来看，我觉得楼上的说法似乎有误，也许是雷思那记错了时间，也许是搞错
了对手。从战术动作来看，雷思那的对手很象是志愿军空军，因为当时志愿军空军飞行
员喜欢采用半滚倒转动作摆脱敌机（因为双机复杂特技技术尚不熟练，所以一般做半滚
倒转以后就容易形成单机。此战中，王海大队除三中队僚机组以外，均形成单机返航，
其中三对双机，都是由于做半滚倒转造成的）。
[ 3:1419 ] spk(韩.峡.银.阁) - 02:32:40 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 3 ]
有文章提及那次空战发生在1952年9月15日
spk能不能查一查1952年9月15日的空战记录？
[ 4:42 ] northeast(巴.池.紫.竹) - 04:36:04 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 4 ]
9月份
9月份较大的空战是4日，我军失利。此后，9月9日、15日、17日为保卫拉古哨发
电站和鸭绿江桥，志愿军空军均与美空军进行过空战，详细情况不清楚。这几次
战斗基本上是以苏军为主的。
从情节上来讲，如果是9月15日或10月10日发生过这样的战斗，那么意味着12月3日
焦景文再次遇到座舱盖被打坏的情况。我不清楚当时空战是否这种情况会经常发
生？如果不是经常发生的话，那么似乎可以认为，焦在短时间段内连续遭遇这样
的事情，概率上不大可能。
[ 5:408 ] spk(韩.峡.银.阁) - 06:05:38 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 3 ]
谢谢SPK。
我这篇文章是根据美方资料完成，还没有来得及对照我方资料。
从过程上看，12月3日的战斗较有可能。美方有研究人员也提到孙生禄
牺牲之事。可能是某一方将时间记错了。空战记录发生误差是常有的事，
经常发生一方记录击落敌机，而另一方却连战斗记录都没有的事。
该飞行员是志愿军空军应无疑义，因为双方曾几次贴近飞行，雷斯那看
得很清楚。美方研究人员根据他们掌握的我方资料都一致认为是焦景文。
[ 6:379 ] 夜猫子(楚.园.黑.楼) - 13:32:32 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 6 ]
一点看法
spk提到1952年9月15日的空战是“保卫拉古哨发电站和鸭绿江桥”，而我看到的
资料说1952年9月15日美空军对安东（现在的丹东）进行了大规模轰炸（与spk提
到的“保卫鸭绿江桥”能对应上），雷思提到的机场就是“大东沟机场”，离鸭
绿江桥也比较近。
从以上信息来看，我认为文中提到的应该不是焦景文那次迫降，一是时间不对，
二是地点不对（spk提到1952年12月3日的空战主要在清川江以南永柔、平壤地区
）。
[ 7:374 ] northeast(巴.池.紫.竹) - 21:29:42 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 7 ]
你提到的此战发生于1952年9月15日的说法出处是哪里？
可否提供一下资料？谢谢！
因为空战的特殊性，很多战斗的真相往往扑朔迷离。寻找空战的真相
也就成了一件很有趣的事情。美国有很多官方或业余的组织与个人从
事这项工作，乐此不疲。所以他们的资料库很详实。中国目前这方面
作得还比较少，基本上还局限于官方资料。
[ 11:252 ] 夜猫子(楚.园.黑.楼) - 23:00:21 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 11 ]
以下是我看到的文章内容
补充一下，Joe Logan 是洛宾森、莱纳上尉(Capt. Robinson Risner) 的僚机。
他是1952年9月15日掩护莱纳追击一架米格-15到大东沟机场在低空被高射炮火击
中的。是莱纳将Logan的座机推到椒岛跳伞。
http://www.fightersalon.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=22&star=2&replyid=50107&id=3373&skin=0&page=1
1952年9月15日(下午两点二十分):美4联队336中队的洛宾森、莱纳上尉在大东沟
机场上空击落一架米格-15时就给大家上一个缠斗时对付人家用减速板的正确方法
。当天，莱纳上尉率僚机在远处看见4架米格-15。莱纳上尉利用F-86E 优异的雷
达测距瞄准器在接近12.7mm机枪射程的极限尝试向最后面的一架僚机射击。结果
，居然击中了目标的座舱盖。这架米格-15脱离了编队迅速下降。莱纳后来发现，
座舱盖被击破、解压时，这个米格-15飞行员的氧气面罩被吸走了，所以才需要迅
速俯冲到低空。不过，这架僚机这样做就把美机吸引离开长机。
莱纳再次向这架米格-15射击后，这架机突然半滚、倒翻(Split S)向反方向俯冲
。由于当时高低已经向当低，莱纳估计这架米格-15会撞毁，不过，这个飞行员显
然不是“等闲之辈”。他居然能够在一个枯干的河床上空几米的高度拉平低飞。
莱纳可以看见其尾管后面吹起沙石。莱纳跟着俯冲下来追赶，不过，由于目标高
度太低（估计只有两米），F-86的机枪射角又稍为向上，莱纳根本无法占位射击
。莱纳拉开到这架米格-15的侧面时，米格的飞行员突然减油门并伸出减速板企图
迫使莱纳冲前。不过，莱纳有所准备，立刻拉起机头进入一个大过载“桶滚”切
到这架米格-15的后面。这架米格-15也立刻收起减速板、加大油门往右急转。莱
纳也跟着他转，不久，前面出现了一个有树林的山丘。这架米格-15拉高机头越过
山丁后就推头（负G）急下降。莱纳为了跟着这架米格时可以维持目标在视野内，
只有越过山顶时拉高一点，半滚倒飞。好不容易再进入射击位置时，这个米格-15飞
行员再次突然减油门和伸出减速板。莱纳也再次拉个“桶滚”不过，这次就落在
米格-15的另一边，大家并排慢速前进。这时，莱纳可以看见米格-15的飞行员是
一个亚洲人，他的座舱盖破了、氧气面罩不见了、机身也有不少12.7mm弹痕。最
不可思异的就是这个米格-15飞行员居然向莱纳举起拳头示威!
接着，这架米格-15突然加大油门向左转。莱纳跟着后面准备射击时发现他们已经
飞抵大东沟机场上空！机场的高射炮、机枪向莱纳猛烈射击。不过，由于大家飞
得很低，所以没有被击中。突然，这架米格-15从两个机库之间飞过。莱纳知道现
在不下手就可能再没有机会击落这架米格-15。一轮猛烈的射击后，这架米格-15的
左翼被打断了一截。米格的飞行员企图在跑道旁边的草地迫降，不过速度因为太
快，机腹着地后被反弹起来。莱纳趁机会再向尾管和尾翼猛烈射击。这次，米格
-15的尾管打出火焰，垂直尾翼也打掉了一截。这架米格再次落地时爆出火焰、碎
片和烟尘，甚至有燃烧的破片波及停放在跑道上的其他米格-15。
这个技术高超的米格-15飞行员究竟是谁？3师9团“王海”大队的焦景文曾经在机
场跑道旁边的草地迫降，飞机把草地撞到有一大片烧焦的痕迹。不晓得这是不是
描述焦景文的迫降。有人知道焦景文1952年迫降得地点、日期和时间吗？
这次空战之后，莱纳的僚机被高射炮火击伤油箱。由于油漏得很厉害，估计没有
办法飞回基地，所以，莱纳叫僚机关掉引擎，然后将自己的机头推到僚机的尾管
下方将这架F-86推到朝鲜半岛以西的椒岛上空。僚机飞行员在海面上空弹射跳伞
。可惜，落海后因为被伞绳缠住淹死了。被救上水上飞机后急救也无效。
[ 16:2861 ] northeast(巴.池.紫.竹) - 01:04:41 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 16 ]
嗯，看起来象我那篇英文原文的中文翻译。不知为何时间不同。/no_text
[ 17:0 ] 夜猫子(楚.园.黑.楼) - 12:59:43 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 6 ]
空战
空战记录有误是常有的事，有时候的确搞不清楚。至于对手是谁，更是要事后多
年才有可能知道（绝大部分根本无从核对了）。比如美国王牌飞行员麦克康奈耳
上尉（51联队）1953年4月12日空战中被击落，麦氏跳伞入海，6分钟后被直升机
救走。当时我军并不知道击落了美军王牌飞行员，美军也未公布。直到1992年空
军布置丹东抗美援朝纪念馆空军馆时，才查对了当时的档案，证明当天只有志愿
军空军在战区作战，并有击落敌机的记录，苏空军没有击落敌机的记录，因此认
定麦克康奈耳是被我军击落的。
和焦景文的例子一样，这是个别极巧合的情况，大多数是无法查清了。
[ 8:516 ] spk(韩.峡.银.阁) - 21:34:32 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 8 ]
真的确定是我军飞行员击落的吗？
有没有飞行员的名字？或者更详细的记录？
麦克康奈耳可是韩战美军第一王牌啊，比戴维斯、费舍尔排名还靠前呢。
以前一直只知道他被击落，没有确定是谁击落的。
[ 9:152 ] 夜猫子(楚.园.黑.楼) - 22:45:50 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 9 ]
蒋道平/no_text
[ 10:0 ] 是(梁.庄.箭.桑) - 22:55:58 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 10 ]
谢谢，查到了。/no_text
[ 14:0 ] 夜猫子(楚.园.黑.楼) - 00:13:02 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 9 ]
是空军去查了档案的，
是空军去查了档案的，应该是可靠的。1992年12月24日，该小组向空军首长打了
书面报告，建议在丹东馆展出，同年12月28日向空军党委常委作的口头报告。空
军党委常委确定可以作为志愿军空军战绩展出。
档案中肯定有击落该机飞行员的名字，但不知道是否公布过。或者因为某些因素
，无法确定具体某个人，比如当日有两架以上敌机被击落击伤。如果是这样的话
，要更具体的确定，查档案也不够，必须去找当日空战的射击胶卷，重新判读。
[ 12:398 ] spk(韩.峡.银.阁) - 23:03:45 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 12 ]
谢谢！下次去丹东一定要去好好看看。/no_text
[ 13:0 ] 夜猫子(楚.园.黑.楼) - 00:07:44 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 13 ]
这个网址：
http://news.shangdu.com/16/2002-12-11/20021211-119670-16.shtml
[ 15:62 ] spk(韩.峡.银.阁) - 00:16:12 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 0 ]
同志们啦，同志们！能否将这篇文章定型了？
以便我放在战略家网站！如此好的战例，如此好的精神，如此好的文章，让更多的中国人看到，岂不是更好？
[ 18:96 ] 老参谋(巴.谷.红.楼) - 13:11:13 05/22/2005 *** 回 帖
- 论剑谈棋 豪杰尽聚 - 华岳论坛 - http://washeng.net/
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