作者:
夜貓子(楚.園.黑.樓) [760:2433], 00:25:24 05/19/2005:
- 論劍談棋 豪杰盡聚 - 華岳論壇 - http://washeng.net/
焦景文是朝鮮戰爭中著名的王海大隊的一員,王海的僚机,有擊落敵机
三架的記錄,在中國空軍的英雄榜上并不是最突出的一位。但在美國的
空軍圈子里,他的大名卻比任何其他一名中國飛行員都響亮。因為他和
美軍王牌飛行員羅比-雷斯那(ROBBIE RISNER)之間的一場經典空戰。
雷思那可不是簡單的人物。他是美國空軍最著名的王牌飛行員之一,國
會榮譽勛章的獲得者。和德國、日本、蘇聯的頂級飛行員都交過手。可
他認為自己一輩子遇到的最強大的對手卻是一位被他擊落的中國飛行員
---焦景文。美國空軍界也把這次空戰視為空戰史上經典中的經典。
閱讀雷思那的戰斗報告,雖是從敵人的角度,雖是一次我軍失利的空戰,
其精彩与惊險卻仍然歷歷在目,嘆為觀止。雙方斗智斗勇的過程,也讓人
熱血沸騰。讀罷由衷嘆一句,焦景文,真英雄也!
空戰爆發于1952年10月10日。戰斗一幵始,經驗老道的雷思那就先發現
我机,突施偷襲。第一炮就打掉了焦景文座机的座艙蓋,使焦一幵始就陷
入絕境。正當雷思那以為這將是一次輕松的獵殺時,焦景文卻突然駕机直
扑地面。在目瞪口呆的雷斯那認為已不可能的情況下,在离地面不到5英
尺(不足兩米)的高度拉起改平,擦地飛行。雷斯那雖然也直追下來,但已
無法攻擊。因為戰斗机的机槍有個微微向上的角度,怎么也不可能對离地
兩米的目標幵火的。兩架飛机就在樹梢的高度你追我赶,翻滾,盤旋,蛇
形机動,互相企圖尋找射擊角度。按雷思那自己的話,他把“最后一點點
的本事都使出來了”,“完全是憑著直覺”,才勉強咬住焦景文。為了爭
取一點點速度上的优勢,焦景文曾飛出了一個讓雷思那惊呼“平生所見最
瘋狂的動作之一”,橫滾后倒著擦山頂飛過(焦景文可是沒有座艙蓋的),
焦的腦袋离山頂的樹梢也衹有几英尺。另一刻兩机曾机翼挨著机翼貼地飛
行,雷思那有机會清楚的看到對手的面孔(焦的氧气罩也被吸走了),吃惊
的發現是個年輕的東方人。他原以為這么高超的飛行員一定是個蘇軍飛行
員。焦景文則向他示威的揮了揮拳頭。
兩人纏斗一陣后飛抵中方机場上空。地面防空炮火猛烈幵火向美机射擊。
這時焦景文誤以為在防空火力的掩護下已經安全了而放松了警惕,准備著
陸。沒想到狡猾的雷思那竟然穿透防空火網,直扑下來,在焦著陸的一刻
打飛了他的半個机翼。但焦臨危不亂,成功的將飛机迫降在跑道旁的草地
上,安然無恙。但迫降激起的巨大塵土讓雷斯那誤以為戰机已解体爆炸。
他的僚机也興奮的狂叫,“你剛剛干掉了整個共產空軍!”(呵呵,對焦的
評价夠高的。)不過雷思那也為他的沖動付出了代价。他的僚机在返航途中
被地面炮火擊落,跳傘身亡。
雷斯那戰后對此精彩空戰的描述轟動美國空軍,但一直不知道對手是誰。
几十年后与中國空軍幵始接触后才知道是焦景文,於是他名揚海外。但中
國空軍很少有人知道這次空戰,畢竟這是一次敗仗。但我認為,重要的不
是以成敗論英雄,而是為焦景文在空戰中表現的大無畏精神和無比高超的
飛行技術而由衷自豪。
*** 回應主帖
*** 返回論壇
跟帖目錄:
- 雷思那對空戰描述的英文原文 - 夜貓子 00:27:19 05/19/2005
- 這里似乎有誤: - spk 02:32:40 05/19/2005
- 同志們啦,同志們!能否將這篇文章定型了? - 老參謀 13:11:13 05/22/2005
原 帖 [ 0 ]
雷思那對空戰描述的英文原文
Major Robinson "Robbie" Risner's sixth kill.
10 October 1952.
At 0900 Risner and his wingman, Joe Logan, taxied [their F-86s] down the Kimpo runway. The other two pilots followed in quick succeession. This flight, code-named "John Red," made its way to the Yalu, some thirty minutes from Kimpo. The flight's mission was to protect a squadron of USAF fighter-bombers that was scheduled to attack a chemical plant at the mouth of the river. When the flight arrived at "MiG Alley," Risner immediately gave the "pus*y willow" command [turn off IFF] and took the flight on a sweep along the Chinese side of the Yalu. This preemptive maneuver would give the fighter-bombers maximum protection against any potential MiG attacks.
The initial sweep yielded no MiG sightings. On the second sweep, however, Risner saw a glint of sunlight at his twelve o'clock low. As if by instinct, he knew that this sparkle meant MiGs. He ordered his flight to drop their wing fuel tanks. The four MiGs did the same as they made a 180-degree turn and retreated back toward their base at Antung. These MiGs were hungry for the lower performance F-84 fighter-bombers, and had no intention of tangling with the top-of-the-line F-86s. But Risner had other plans. He aligned his pipper on the tail-end Charlie and gave his six M-3 .50 caliber guns a squeeze. The incendiaries shattered the MiG's canopy.
In an effort to escape, the MiG pilot descended at maximum speed. At one point the MiG did a half-roll and flew upside down for fifty seconds as Risner pounded him with short bursts from his machine guns. The MiG then entered into a split-S, and Risner thought to himself, "This is going to be the easiest kill of my career." Risner, convinced that the MiG would not be able to pull out of the S in time to avoid hitting the ground, made an angling split-S and braced himself for the impending explosion. Nothing happened.
The MiG did not crash as Risner had so smugly predicted. Instead, it pulled out of the dive just in time, created a billowing cloud of dust and pebbles over a dry riverbed. The MiG, now flying five feet over the deck, was too low to hit with the F-86's guns, which fired slightly upward. But Risner had too much drive to cut off the chase. He was not about to let all those practice dogfights flown in the F-51 over the Oklahoma skies go to waste. FInally, he had met his match -- a pilot who would force him to draw on every skill he had ever learned. Risner was about to embark on the ultimate dogfight. At this point, Risner could not kill the MiG but at least he could take a good look at his foe. He maneuvered his F-86 alongside the MiG-15. As they coasted wingtip to wingtip, Risner peered into the no**** cockpit. He could see the eyes of the pilot and the stitching of his leather helmet. Risner noticed that the pilot's oxygen mask was gone: it had been sucked off when he shot away the canopy. The MiG pilot returned Risner's gaze and raised his fist in defiance.
The MiG then throttled back in an attempt to catch Risner off guard. He hoped to slip behind Risner and pound him with his 23- and 37- mm cannons. But Risner had too much situational awareness to fall for such a trap; he did a high G-force roll over the top of the MiG and came down behind it. SImultaneously, the MiG broke right, pulling all the G's it could. But Risner stayed behind the MiG. HE later commented, "I never thought about what I was doing, it was all reflex."
After several minutes of hard maneuvers, both planes exited the dry riverbed and began to climb a heavily wooded hill. To Risner's surprise, the MiG executed one of the craziest maneuvers he had ever seen. In an effort to gain a small speed advantage, the MiG did an inverted roll and flew upside down over the hill. His open cockpit was just a few feet from the treetops. Risner's wingman, Joe Logan, who had been flying high and to the right the entire time, screamed in the headset: "Hit him lead. Pound him!" But Risner could not. He was doing all he could just to stay behind him.
The planes rounded a hill at .8 Mach, then all of a sudden the MiG cut his throttle and Risner rolled over the top of him. Wingtip to wingtip now, the MiG pilot again raised his fist at Risner. Next the MiG made an abrupt, full-throttle, 90-degree turn to the left. Risner new that this was his last chance to blow this guy out of the sky. He let his pipper creep toward the MiG's tailpipe, and just as he was about to fire, Risner heard Logan's voice: "Lead, they're shooting at us." The two planes were now directly over the Chinese air base at Tak Tung Kau.
Despite this warning, Risner continued the chase: he was too close to let the MiG slip away. The MiG pilot erroneously assumed that the flak from the airfield would scare him off. It did not. Risner chased the MiG in between two hangars. When the MiG attempted to land on the dusty runway, Risner hammered him hard. He blew four feet off the left wing.
As the wing burned, the MiG pilot desperately sought out the grassy side of the runway for an emergency landing. Risner still had no intention of letting the plane land; he fired all of his remaining ammunition into its tailpipe. The MiG would not give up: it leveled off and attempted a "belly landing." At this point, his luck ran out. The MiG burst apart in a tremendous explosion, and pieces of flaming aircraft flew all over the airfield, igniting the parked aircraft nearby. "Red lead," Logan yelled ecstatically, "you just destroyed the whole Communist air force." Risner chuckled but was more intent on getting his wingman and himself safely back to base than reveling in his victory. Risner and Logan threw the coal to their engines and made a steep climb away from the base.
As the F-86s climbed out, they passed over some 250 anti-aircraft guns which lined the perimeters of both Tak Tung Kau and Antung air bases. Flak exploded all around them as the pilots jinked to avoid it. Just before Risner and Logan crossed the Yalu back into North Korea, Logan radioed Risner, "Lead, my fuel gauge is down." Risner flew around Logan's F-86 to make sure that the fuel tank had not been hit. It had. Fuel and hydraulic fluid were streaming out of Logan's belly. Risner radioed Logan, "It looks like you've been hit."
Fearing that his wingman would not have enough fuel and fluid to make it back to Kimpo, Risner decided on a bold course of action. He ordered Logan to open the throttle up: "Might as well use it before you lose it, Red 2." As soon as Logan ran out fo fuel, Risner would position his nose behind Logan's stricken aircraft and gently push it periodically until they reached the friendly island of Chodo [Cheju-do?], where Logan could safely bail out. Risner figured that enough air would be flowing through Logan's tailpipe and the gap below Risner's tailpipe to prevent Risner's F-86 from stalling, but the move was still risky. While executing this maneuver, Risner realized that he placed his own aircraft in danger. If he sucked in any damaged engine parts from Logan's plane, his own engine might quit, or worse yet, explode. To the pilots' utter amazement, the emergency maneuver worked.
Risner successfully pushed Logan's plane to a point tenes off the coast of Chodo. At this point, Logan radioed Risner, "OK, I am going to bail out. I'll see you in a little while as soon as they pick me up."...
(Risner lands, waits two hours, meets the seaplane, Logan drowned when the chute cord tangled around his neck)
From: Officers in Flight Suits. Sherwood.
[ 1:7569 ] 夜貓子(楚.園.黑.樓) - 00:27:19 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 0 ]
這里似乎有誤:
1952年10月10日,志愿軍空軍沒有与敵机空戰的記錄。空3師7團和空12師34團1952年10
月8日完成米格-15比斯飛机的改裝訓練返回一線。9日和11日有戰斗出動,18日、23日、
25日与F-86有空戰,但10日似乎沒有發生過空戰。另据王海的回憶錄《我的戰斗生涯》
,這段時間7、9兩團是輪流改裝的。當時,空9團應該不在一線。
焦景文被打壞座艙蓋的那次戰斗發生的時間是1952年12月3日。當天空3師9團起飛12架米
格-15比斯,深入清川江以南永柔、平壤地區,擊落、擊傷F-86六架。戰斗中,焦景文掩
護王海五次攻擊。最后一次,王海在800米距离上,投影比四分之二至四分之三,向敵射
擊,將敵一架長机擊傷后,左轉脫离。此時,焦景文發現后方有四架敵机飛來,遂一面
報告長机,一面向右擴大間隔,以便反擊。但敵机迅速接近并射擊,焦景文的飛机被擊
傷,座艙蓋被打壞。因敵机射擊后,兩架沖前,對長机形成威脅,焦景文一面呼叫長机
脫离,一面不顧一切射擊驅逐。此時,長僚机分离,王單机返航,焦則退出攻擊后,遭
另兩架敵机跟蹤射擊。焦急轉彎迎向敵机,對頭通過后安全返航。
這次戰斗中,志愿軍空軍擊落、擊傷F-86六架,己方被擊落一架、被擊傷兩架,著名的
一級戰斗英雄、特等功臣孫生祿此戰中犧牲。
由上述情況來看,我覺得樓上的說法似乎有誤,也許是雷思那記錯了時間,也許是搞錯
了對手。從戰術動作來看,雷思那的對手很象是志愿軍空軍,因為當時志愿軍空軍飛行
員喜歡采用半滾倒轉動作擺脫敵机(因為雙机复雜特技技術尚不熟練,所以一般做半滾
倒轉以后就容易形成單机。此戰中,王海大隊除三中隊僚机組以外,均形成單机返航,
其中三對雙机,都是由于做半滾倒轉造成的)。
[ 3:1419 ] spk(韓.峽.銀.閣) - 02:32:40 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 3 ]
有文章提及那次空戰發生在1952年9月15日
spk能不能查一查1952年9月15日的空戰記錄?
[ 4:42 ] northeast(巴.池.紫.竹) - 04:36:04 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 4 ]
9月份
9月份較大的空戰是4日,我軍失利。此后,9月9日、15日、17日為保衛拉古哨發
電站和鴨綠江橋,志愿軍空軍均与美空軍進行過空戰,詳細情況不清楚。這几次
戰斗基本上是以蘇軍為主的。
從情節上來講,如果是9月15日或10月10日發生過這樣的戰斗,那么意味著12月3日
焦景文再次遇到座艙蓋被打壞的情況。我不清楚當時空戰是否這种情況會經常發
生?如果不是經常發生的話,那么似乎可以認為,焦在短時間段內連續遭遇這樣
的事情,概率上不大可能。
[ 5:408 ] spk(韓.峽.銀.閣) - 06:05:38 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 3 ]
謝謝SPK。
我這篇文章是根据美方資料完成,還沒有來得及對照我方資料。
從過程上看,12月3日的戰斗較有可能。美方有研究人員也提到孫生祿
犧牲之事。可能是某一方將時間記錯了。空戰記錄發生誤差是常有的事,
經常發生一方記錄擊落敵机,而另一方卻連戰斗記錄都沒有的事。
該飛行員是志愿軍空軍應無疑義,因為雙方曾几次貼近飛行,雷斯那看
得很清楚。美方研究人員根据他們掌握的我方資料都一致認為是焦景文。
[ 6:379 ] 夜貓子(楚.園.黑.樓) - 13:32:32 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 6 ]
一點看法
spk提到1952年9月15日的空戰是“保衛拉古哨發電站和鴨綠江橋”,而我看到的
資料說1952年9月15日美空軍對安東(現在的丹東)進行了大規模轟炸(与spk提
到的“保衛鴨綠江橋”能對應上),雷思提到的机場就是“大東溝机場”,离鴨
綠江橋也比較近。
從以上信息來看,我認為文中提到的應該不是焦景文那次迫降,一是時間不對,
二是地點不對(spk提到1952年12月3日的空戰主要在清川江以南永柔、平壤地區
)。
[ 7:374 ] northeast(巴.池.紫.竹) - 21:29:42 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 7 ]
你提到的此戰發生于1952年9月15日的說法出處是哪里?
可否提供一下資料?謝謝!
因為空戰的特殊性,很多戰斗的真相往往扑朔迷离。尋找空戰的真相
也就成了一件很有趣的事情。美國有很多官方或業余的組織与個人從
事這項工作,樂此不疲。所以他們的資料庫很詳實。中國目前這方面
作得還比較少,基本上還局限于官方資料。
[ 11:252 ] 夜貓子(楚.園.黑.樓) - 23:00:21 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 11 ]
以下是我看到的文章內容
補充一下,Joe Logan 是洛賓森、萊納上尉(Capt. Robinson Risner) 的僚机。
他是1952年9月15日掩護萊納追擊一架米格-15到大東溝机場在低空被高射炮火擊
中的。是萊納將Logan的座机推到椒島跳傘。
http://www.fightersalon.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=22&star=2&replyid=50107&id=3373&skin=0&page=1
1952年9月15日(下午兩點二十分):美4聯隊336中隊的洛賓森、萊納上尉在大東溝
机場上空擊落一架米格-15時就給大家上一個纏斗時對付人家用減速板的正确方法
。當天,萊納上尉率僚机在遠處看見4架米格-15。萊納上尉利用F-86E 优异的雷
達測距瞄准器在接近12.7mm机槍射程的极限嘗試向最后面的一架僚机射擊。結果
,居然擊中了目標的座艙蓋。這架米格-15脫离了編隊迅速下降。萊納后來發現,
座艙蓋被擊破、解壓時,這個米格-15飛行員的氧气面罩被吸走了,所以才需要迅
速俯沖到低空。不過,這架僚机這樣做就把美机吸引离幵長机。
萊納再次向這架米格-15射擊后,這架机突然半滾、倒翻(Split S)向反方向俯沖
。由于當時高低已經向當低,萊納估計這架米格-15會撞毀,不過,這個飛行員顯
然不是“等閒之輩”。他居然能夠在一個枯干的河床上空几米的高度拉平低飛。
萊納可以看見其尾管后面吹起沙石。萊納跟著俯沖下來追赶,不過,由于目標高
度太低(估計衹有兩米),F-86的机槍射角又稍為向上,萊納根本無法占位射擊
。萊納拉幵到這架米格-15的側面時,米格的飛行員突然減油門并伸出減速板企圖
迫使萊納沖前。不過,萊納有所准備,立刻拉起机頭進入一個大過載“桶滾”切
到這架米格-15的后面。這架米格-15也立刻收起減速板、加大油門往右急轉。萊
納也跟著他轉,不久,前面出現了一個有樹林的山丘。這架米格-15拉高机頭越過
山丁后就推頭(負G)急下降。萊納為了跟著這架米格時可以維持目標在視野內,
衹有越過山頂時拉高一點,半滾倒飛。好不容易再進入射擊位置時,這個米格-15飛
行員再次突然減油門和伸出減速板。萊納也再次拉個“桶滾”不過,這次就落在
米格-15的另一邊,大家并排慢速前進。這時,萊納可以看見米格-15的飛行員是
一個亞洲人,他的座艙蓋破了、氧气面罩不見了、机身也有不少12.7mm彈痕。最
不可思异的就是這個米格-15飛行員居然向萊納舉起拳頭示威!
接著,這架米格-15突然加大油門向左轉。萊納跟著后面准備射擊時發現他們已經
飛抵大東溝机場上空!机場的高射炮、机槍向萊納猛烈射擊。不過,由于大家飛
得很低,所以沒有被擊中。突然,這架米格-15從兩個机庫之間飛過。萊納知道現
在不下手就可能再沒有机會擊落這架米格-15。一輪猛烈的射擊后,這架米格-15的
左翼被打斷了一截。米格的飛行員企圖在跑道旁邊的草地迫降,不過速度因為太
快,机腹著地后被反彈起來。萊納趁机會再向尾管和尾翼猛烈射擊。這次,米格
-15的尾管打出火焰,垂直尾翼也打掉了一截。這架米格再次落地時爆出火焰、碎
片和煙塵,甚至有燃燒的破片波及停放在跑道上的其他米格-15。
這個技術高超的米格-15飛行員究竟是誰?3師9團“王海”大隊的焦景文曾經在机
場跑道旁邊的草地迫降,飛机把草地撞到有一大片燒焦的痕跡。不曉得這是不是
描述焦景文的迫降。有人知道焦景文1952年迫降得地點、日期和時間嗎?
這次空戰之后,萊納的僚机被高射炮火擊傷油箱。由于油漏得很厲害,估計沒有
辦法飛回基地,所以,萊納叫僚机關掉引擎,然后將自己的机頭推到僚机的尾管
下方將這架F-86推到朝鮮半島以西的椒島上空。僚机飛行員在海面上空彈射跳傘
。可惜,落海后因為被傘繩纏住淹死了。被救上水上飛机后急救也無效。
[ 16:2861 ] northeast(巴.池.紫.竹) - 01:04:41 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 16 ]
嗯,看起來象我那篇英文原文的中文翻譯。不知為何時間不同。/no_text
[ 17:0 ] 夜貓子(楚.園.黑.樓) - 12:59:43 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 6 ]
空戰
空戰記錄有誤是常有的事,有時候的确搞不清楚。至于對手是誰,更是要事后多
年才有可能知道(絕大部分根本無從核對了)。比如美國王牌飛行員麥克康奈耳
上尉(51聯隊)1953年4月12日空戰中被擊落,麥氏跳傘入海,6分鐘后被直升机
救走。當時我軍并不知道擊落了美軍王牌飛行員,美軍也未公布。直到1992年空
軍布置丹東抗美援朝紀念館空軍館時,才查對了當時的檔案,証明當天衹有志愿
軍空軍在戰區作戰,并有擊落敵机的記錄,蘇空軍沒有擊落敵机的記錄,因此認
定麥克康奈耳是被我軍擊落的。
和焦景文的例子一樣,這是個別极巧合的情況,大多數是無法查清了。
[ 8:516 ] spk(韓.峽.銀.閣) - 21:34:32 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 8 ]
真的确定是我軍飛行員擊落的嗎?
有沒有飛行員的名字?或者更詳細的記錄?
麥克康奈耳可是韓戰美軍第一王牌啊,比戴維斯、費舍爾排名還靠前呢。
以前一直衹知道他被擊落,沒有确定是誰擊落的。
[ 9:152 ] 夜貓子(楚.園.黑.樓) - 22:45:50 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 9 ]
蔣道平/no_text
[ 10:0 ] 是(梁.庄.箭.桑) - 22:55:58 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 10 ]
謝謝,查到了。/no_text
[ 14:0 ] 夜貓子(楚.園.黑.樓) - 00:13:02 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 9 ]
是空軍去查了檔案的,
是空軍去查了檔案的,應該是可靠的。1992年12月24日,該小組向空軍首長打了
書面報告,建議在丹東館展出,同年12月28日向空軍党委常委作的口頭報告。空
軍党委常委确定可以作為志愿軍空軍戰績展出。
檔案中肯定有擊落該机飛行員的名字,但不知道是否公布過。或者因為某些因素
,無法确定具体某個人,比如當日有兩架以上敵机被擊落擊傷。如果是這樣的話
,要更具体的确定,查檔案也不夠,必須去找當日空戰的射擊膠卷,重新判讀。
[ 12:398 ] spk(韓.峽.銀.閣) - 23:03:45 05/19/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 12 ]
謝謝!下次去丹東一定要去好好看看。/no_text
[ 13:0 ] 夜貓子(楚.園.黑.樓) - 00:07:44 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 13 ]
這個網址:
http://news.shangdu.com/16/2002-12-11/20021211-119670-16.shtml
[ 15:62 ] spk(韓.峽.銀.閣) - 00:16:12 05/20/2005 *** 回 帖
原 帖 [ 0 ]
同志們啦,同志們!能否將這篇文章定型了?
以便我放在戰略家網站!如此好的戰例,如此好的精神,如此好的文章,讓更多的中國人看到,豈不是更好?
[ 18:96 ] 老參謀(巴.谷.紅.樓) - 13:11:13 05/22/2005 *** 回 帖
- 論劍談棋 豪杰盡聚 - 華岳論壇 - http://washeng.net/
聲 明: 文 責 自 負。